Atomic Bonding All Formulas For Numerical Problems | Material Science Formula For Numerical Problems

In this place, you will get all types of numerical problem-solving formulas on the topic of "ATOMIC BONDING" on one page. This formula will help you to solve different types of problems on "ATOMIC BONDING" very easily. Check out all this formula given below before solving Numerical Problems on "ATOMIC BONDING" given on this site or anywhere.

ATOMIC BONDING

FORMULA

Formula 1

Used to Calculate: Potential energy between two atoms

E = ∫Fdr

Where,
E = Potential energy between two atoms or ions
F = Force between two atoms or ions
dr = Differential of the separation distance between two atoms or ions

Formula 2

Used to Calculate: Force between two atoms

F = dE/dr

Where,
F = Force between two atoms or ions
dE = Differential of potential energy between two atoms or ions
dr = Differential of the separation distance between two atoms or ions

Formula 3

Used to Calculate: Attractive energy between two atoms

E_A = -A/r

Where,
E_A = Attractive energy between two atoms or ions
A = Material constant
r = Separation distance between two atoms or ions

Formula 4

Used to Calculate: Repulsive energy between two atoms

E_R = B/rⁿ

Where,
E_R = Repulsive energy between two atoms or ions
A, n = Material constants
r = Separation distance between two atoms or ions

Formula 5

Used to Calculate: Force of attraction between two isolated ions

F_A = 1/(4πϵ₀r²) (|Z₁|e)((|Z₂|e)

Where,
F_A = Force of attraction between two isolated ions
ϵ₀ = Permittivity of a vacuum = 8.854 × 10^-12 F/m
r = Separation distance between two atoms or ions
Z₁, Z₂ = Valency of ions 1, 2
e = Charge of a electron = 1.602 × 10^-19 C

Formula 6

Used to Calculate: Percent ionic character

%IC = {1 - exp[-(0.25)(X_A - X_B)²]} × 100

Where,
%IC = Percent ionic character
X_A = Electronegativity value of the more electronegative element for compound BA
X_B = Electronegativity value of the more electropositive element for compound BA

Formula 7

Used to Calculate: Radius of an atom

r = BL/2

Where,
r = radius of an atom
BL = Bond Length

Formula 8

Used to Calculate: Enthalpy of atomization

E_a = BE × B_a = BE × (N_nn/2)

Where,
E_a = Enthalpy of atomization
BE = Bond Energy
N_nn = Number of nearest neighbours

REFERENCES:

Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction (9E) by William D. Callister, Jr., and David G. Rethwisch.

Click here to know details about this book and download it in pdf format.

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